Background and purpose: Malignant and infectious diseases are the most frequent causes of pleural effusion. Malignant diseases produce pleural effusion through different mechanisms: lymphatic and capillary obstruction, pneumonia or atelectasia. Therefore absence of tumor cells in aspirated effusion, highly declines the sensivity of the cytologic study. For this reason, the use of tumor markers to improve the capability of differentiating malignant effusion from benign types is widespread.Materials and methods: 100 patients with pleural effusion were allocated in four groups: I: malignant (positive pleural biology or catology. N=21). II: paramalignant (lnown case of a cancer, but negative cytology or biopsy. N=9). III: Empyema/paraneumonics (clinicalparacillinically proved.) IV: Benign process (CHF, CRF, Liver disease ... n=58). CA 15-3, CA 19-9 and CA 125 quantified using an Ag and ELISA technology.Results: Calculated cut off values were: 500 U/ml for CA 125,35 U/ml for CA 19-9 and 35 U/ml for CA 15-3. Sensivity, specifity, efficiency, PPV and NPV were as follows: CA 15-3 (80%, 90%, 89%, 82%, 91%)CA 19-9 (67%, 89%, 83%, 74%, 86%), CA 125 (60%, 83%, 78%, 60%, 82%)Conclusion: We suggest that using tumor markers in pleural fluid, especially CA 15-3 would greatly increase the diagnostic effectiveness of malignant effusions.

Background & Objective: Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent type of genital system cancers. It is needed to assess discrimination power of CEA, CA 15-3, CA 125 tumor markers in endometrial cancer patients and moreover in cases with abnormal uterine bleeding. We examined tumor markers (CA 15-3, CA 125, CEA) in differentiating endometrial cancer and unusual uterine bleeding. Materials & Methods: The present case-control study was conducted on 60 women with endometrial cancer and evidence of abnormal uterine bleeding who referred to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan in 2021. The sampling method was easy and accessible and was used to collect observation information, examination, and data form data. For data analysis, SPSS software version 26, statistical graphs and independent ttest were used. Results: The difference in serum levels of CEA marker tumor in patients of case (endometrial cancer patients) and control (abnormal uterine bleeding patients) was statistically significant. Differences in serum levels of CA 15-3 tumor marker in patients between case group (endometrial cancer patients) and control (patients with abnormal uterine bleeding) and difference in serum levels of CA 125 tumor marker in patients between case (endometrial cancer patients) and control groups (bleeding patients) uterine abnormalities were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Serum level of CEA tumor marker has a statistically significant relationship with endometrial cancer patients and abnormal bleeding patients, but serum tumor marker level CA 15-3 and serum tumor marker CA 125 and with endometrial cancer patients and abnormal bleeding patients do not have.

Landsat data for 1992, 2000, and 2013 land use changes for Ekbatan Dam watershed was simulated through CA-Markov” model. Two classification methods were initially used, viz. the maximum likelihood (MAL) and support vector machine (SVM). Although both methods showed high overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient, visually MAL failed in separating land uses, particularly built up and dry lands. Therefore, the results of SVM were used for Markov Chain Model and “CA” filter to predict land use map for 2034. In order to assess the ability of “CA Markov” model, simulation for 2013 was performed. Results showed that simulated map was in agreement with the existing map for2013 at 84% level. The land use map prediction showed that built up area of 0.8298 km2 in 2013 will increase to 1.02113 km2 in 2034. In contrast, irrigated agriculture will decrease from 17.33 km2 to 17.16 km2, and rain fed agriculture from 45.07 km2 to 44.49 km2. Results of this research proved the application of “CA Markov” model in simulating the land use changes.

Wheat is a glycophyte plant and strategical crop .To determine effect of Na+/Ca+2 interaction on vegetative growth of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. soissons) an experiment as factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was carried out with 3 levels of sodium (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and 3 levels of calcium (0, 3, 6 and 10mM) .Sodium was applied as NaCl and calcium as CaCl2. 2H2O. Expriment was conducted in phytotron. Results indicated that salt treatment decreased lenght of roots, shoots, potassium and calcium levels. While sodium and proline levels were increased in leaves. Calcium treatment reduced detrimental effects of salt stress on the treated plant seedlings and increased root and shoot length, calcium and potassium contents of shoots but caused reduction in sodium and proline. Maximum ameliorative effect of calcium was observed in plants treated with 6 mM Ca+2.

The granular Gd 1-x--z Pr x CazBa2Cu3O7-δ-(GdPrCa-123) high-temperature cuprate samples with 0.0≤x≤0.3 and 0.0≤z≤0.35 are prepared by standard solid state reaction and characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. The BaCu02 and impurity phases are less than 1% in the samples having high levels of Pr and Ca concentrations. The electrical resistivity measurements show a nonlinear reduction in Tc(x,z=etc) versus x. Moreover, the Tc(z) curve with x=0 is nonlinear and a plateau appears at z≈0.05-0.015. For Pr-Ca-doped samples with a constant concentration of Pr, Tc increases with the increase of Ca up to an optimum value of Ca doping and then in decreases. Based on these observations, we suggest that hole filling and hole localization the main effects of Pr ion substitution. The magnetic measurements indicate that the value of HCI is in the order of 10 mT. The mangetoresistance measurements have been measured and analyzed. The superconducting transition region is broadened by the application of magnetic field. The experimental data near the onsen of superconductivity are fitted with the Ambegakor and Halperin (AB) phase-slip model. We observe that the AH parameter, y(H), depends not only on the temperature and the magnetic field, but also on the Pr and Ca ions concentrations. It is observed that the critical current density increases with Ca substitution and decreases with Pr substitution in Gd-123 system. We suggest that the Pr ion substitution probably enhances the weak link, but the Ca ion acts as flux pinning center in the GdPrCa-123 system.

INTRODUCTION: Abortion is the commonest complication of pregnancy and vaginal bleeding is the commonest complaint of patients within the first trimester of pregnancy. Obtaining assurance about the health of fetus heart and the product of pregnancy lowers the risk of abortion. Unfortunately, there is no reliable way of predicting the outcome of pregnancy in patients with threatened abortion. Levels of CA-125, a glycoprotein of coelomic origin, rise in the first trimester of pregnancy, especially in the presence of vaginal bleeding. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of maternal serum CA-125 in predicting the outcome of pregnancy.METHODS: The extent, to which CA-125can serve as a predictor of the outcome of pregnancy, has been investigated in this study.CA-125 levels were measured in 100 women who were 8-12 weeks into their pregnancy and presented to the Emergency Services of Alzahra and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals with vaginal bleeding. The presence of fetal heart beat was demonstrated by ultrasonography. These women were followed up until the 20th week of pregnancy for abortion. Findings were analyzed with t-test and Kurscal-Wallis test using SPSS.RESULTS: The mean age of pregnancy and CA-125 level in the population under study was 9.54±1.32 weeks and 48.10±23.24Ulml, respectively. CA-125 levels in the abortion and nonabortion groups measured 73±24 U/ml and 42.4±17.52 U/ml, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Eta correlation coefficient showed a strong correlation between elevated CA-125 levels and the likelihood of abortion. The CA-125 test had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 44.4%, respectively, at a concentration of 35 U/ml.DISCUSSION: Based on the findings of this study, CA-125 levels can be used to predict the outcome of pregnancy in patients with threatened abortion.